Codependency: Family and Co-dependency this Condition

Codependency is a scholarly conduct that can be passed down starting with one age then onto the next. It is a passionate and social condition that influences an individual’s capacity to have a sound, commonly fulfilling relationship. It is otherwise called â€Å"relationship addiction† on the grounds that individuals with codependency frequently frame or keep up connections that are uneven, sincerely dangerous or potentially injurious. The confusion was first recognized around ten years prior as the consequence of long periods of contemplating relational connections in groups of alcoholics.Co-subordinate conduct is found out by watching and emulating other relatives who show this sort of conduct. Who Does Co-reliance Affect? Codependency frequently influences a mate, a parent, kin, companion, or colleague of an individual harassed with liquor or medication reliance. Initially, mutually dependent was a term used to portray accomplices in synthetic reliance, people living with, or in a relationship with a dependent individual. Comparable examples have been found in individuals involved with incessantly or intellectually sick people. Today, be that as it may, the term has expanded to portray any mutually dependent individual from any broken family. What is a Dysfunctional Family and How Does it Lead to Co-reliance? A useless family is one in which individuals experience the ill effects of dread, outrage, torment, or disgrace that is overlooked or denied. Fundamental issues may incorporate any of the accompanying: †¢An dependence by a relative to drugs, liquor, connections, work, food, sex, or betting. †¢The presence of physical, passionate, or sexual maltreatment. †¢The nearness of a relative experiencing an incessant mental or physical sickness. Useless families don't recognize that issues exist. They don’t talk about them or go up against them. Subsequently, relatives figure out how to curb feelings and dismissal their own needs. They become â€Å"survivors. † They create practices that help them deny, disregard, or maintain a strategic distance from troublesome feelings. They disconnect themselves. They don’t talk. They don’t contact. They don’t stand up to. They don’t feel. They don’t trust. The character and passionate advancement of the individuals from a useless family are frequently repressed Attention and vitality center around the relative who is sick or ddicted. The mutually dependent individual ordinarily forfeits their necessities to deal with an individual who is wiped out. At the point when mutually dependent people place different people’s wellbeing, government assistance and security before their own, they can lose contact with their own needs, wants, and feeling of self. How Do Co-subordinate People Behave? Mutually dependent people have low confidence and search for anything outside of themselves to cause them to feel better. They think that its hard to â€Å"be themselves. † Some attempt to feel better through liquor, medications or nicotine †and become dependent. Related paper: Shame is Worth a Try Others may create impulsive practices like workaholism, betting, or aimless sexual movement. They mean well. They attempt to deal with an individual who is encountering trouble, however the caretaking gets urgent and vanquishing. Mutually dependent people regularly take on a martyr’s job and become â€Å"benefactors† to a person out of luck. A spouse may cover for her alcoholic husband; a mother may rationalize a truant kid; or a dad may â€Å"pull some strings† to shield his kid from enduring the results of reprobate conduct. The issue is that these rehashed salvage endeavors permit the penniless individual to proceed on a dangerous course and to turn out to be much increasingly subject to the unfortunate caretaking of the â€Å"benefactor. † As this dependence builds, the mutually dependent builds up a feeling of remuneration and fulfillment from â€Å"being required. † When the caretaking gets habitual, the mutually dependent feels choiceless and defenseless in the relationship, yet can't split away from the pattern of conduct that causes it. Mutually dependent people see themselves as casualties and are pulled in to that equivalent shortcoming in the adoration and companionship connections.

Html5

Right now, as far as web improvement, Flash, notwithstanding its prosperity, is still not viewed as a standard since it is a restrictive innovation supplier. While web assumes a significant job in business, correspondence and society ought not be in the hands of an autonomous provider. Be that as it may, surrendering Flash intends to overhaul the web, with all the trouble and exorbitant. Presently, when the HTML5 shows up, the rise of HTML5 makes more certainty and comfort to the individuals who don't care for Flash.This paper centers around the absolute first meaning of HTML to lead you to the advanced web which may supplant Flash sooner rather than later. What is it HTML is a language that gives a way to make organized reports by meaning basic semantics for content, for example, headings, passages, records, connections, cites and different things. HTML5 is at present a work in progress, as the following significant update of the HTML standard. This code would now be able to be ut ilized for new capacities that can profit designers and Internet clients. What it comprises of? HTML5 closes various new components and attributes.The generally significant of them are: CANVAS ELEMENT The canvas component can be utilized for depicting charts, game designs or other visual pictures on the fly. Depending on modules isn't important. The conceivable outcomes are inestimable. VIDEO ELEMENT Embedding video used to be outlandish without outsider modules, for example, Apple QuickTime or Adobe Flash. Because of video component, presently it’s conceivable. It is proposed by its makers to turn into the new standard approach to show video on the web. GEOLOCATION Locating a users’ place is anything but another thing on the web. Truth be told, most sites as of now do this by methods for IP address detection.But this isn't constantly solid, so HTML5’s geolocation is an elective technique for effectively pinpointing a users’ area. The new thought is to ge t the area data from Wi-fi towers and GPS. Disconnected WEB APPLICATION Despite of their inaccessible system association, the disconnected web applications empower clients to keep connecting with web applications and reports. The client can, for example, get to email locally without interfacing with the Internet or introduce an outer customer. How it functions HTML5 offers help for video and sound â€Å"naturally†.It implies that clients can watch recordings on location like the manner in which they read the content arrangement without trying introducing Flash framework program or some other module program or not. How it will be utilized HTML5 has been created since 2004 however now providers of Apple, Opera, Mozilla and Google as of late manufactured new components of this perfect language in programs. Toward the finish of January, YouTube †the greatest video sharing site on the planet †declared to test HTML5. Indeed, even Microsoft, alongside advancing Sliverlight innovation (to rival Flash), additionally got intrigued by web norms and expected to bring HTML5 to Internet Explorer.Benefits contrast and other innovation * Offline stockpiling: Kind of like â€Å"Super Cookies†, yet with substantially more space to store for both one-time information and relentless application databases. * Canvas drawing: Sites can separate a space on a page where intelligent pictures, diagrams and charts, game segments, and whatever else creative mind permits can be drawn legitimately by programming code and client interactionâ€no Flash or other modules required. * Smarter structure: Search boxes, content sources of info, and other you-type-here fields show signs of improvement controls for centering, approving information, connecting with other page components, sending through email, and that's only the tip of the iceberg. Web application center: It’s reasonable for state that HTML5 is meant to make it simpler to fabricate wikis, simplified de vices, ongoing visit, and other present day web, and have them work the equivalent across programs. Potential Disadvantage * Basic liveliness and media highlights. * Lack of good tooling to be gainful in growing enormous measured HTML 5 applications. * Very constrained help for media designs. * User may should be associated with utilize a HTML 5 application. * Inconsistencies of HTML being executed between internet browsers (various pieces of the standard are actualized).

Assisting in Writing a Paper

Assisting in Writing a PaperAssisting in writing a paper has to be one of the most time consuming, frustrating and tiring things a student can do. It is like walking a tightrope with your research paper, you might stumble but it will all be worth it. A proper outline is crucial to ensure the best result. It will allow you to plan the research effectively and with minimum fuss.Begin with what you are writing about. This may seem obvious but it really matters to some students. In their mind, they have a story to tell and it is up to you to help them write an interesting story. That is why they have an outline in mind. They know exactly what they want to talk about so you must let them decide what topics should go into their paper.There are so many different topics that can be tackled in a paper. A term paper is probably the most common. They cover topics such as science, culture, history and economics. Other areas are also very common, which include politics, philosophy, spirituality, health, human psychology, business, management, advertising, fashion, art and other areas that can be combined to cover the term paper topic.You can also choose to write a report in school, which is an outcome of an independent study or classroom assignment. There are various different types of reports to choose from such as accounts, opinions, recommendations, books, articles, testimony, speeches, class discussions and so on. Students usually have a preference based on the topic. The more comprehensive the assignment the more difficult it can be to choose the right one. Students need the services of an expert and help in writing a paper to make sure the assignment goes smoothly.It is a good idea to ask a few people what their preferences are. Usually, the faculty or staff at the school you are taking the class are able to guide you in finding the right assistant. They can provide you with the names of the right assistants that will assist you in writing a paper. You can do a backgr ound check on the credentials of the person to ensure that they are qualified to write your assignment.You may also find assistance through your library. They have several assistants that can help you in your research project. You can ask the assistant to help you with notes and plan out the paper on paper. They will make sure you have enough information and do it in the proper order to ensure the best results.Help in writing a paper is very important in order to get the work done and to give you a deadline to meet. There are a lot of different styles to help you when writing a paper. Just remember that there are pros and cons to having assistance and you may find yourself relying on the service instead of your own strength and expertise.

Good ACT Scores for College Admissions

Community Psychology and Public Health Approaches to...

Community Psychology and Public Health approaches to Social Problems All change, individual or collective, stems from discontent or dissatisfaction with the status quo. The same is true of mainstream Psychology. The 1940’s through to the mid 1960’s gave rise to Community Health Psychology and The Public Health Psychology. Both these movements are concerned with prevention and the need to address social injustices and structures to include the community and society at large and not just the elitist minority. Neither†¦show more content†¦A three -tier structure, namely primary, secondary and tertiary intervention exists. A good example to illustrate this would be alcoholism or substance abuse. On a primary intervention, campaigns warn off the harmful effects of substances abuse. The secondary intervention is the abuse itself, the ability to recognise the symptoms and treatment via rehabilitation or counseling, whilst tertiary intervention is the support that is offered after rehabilitation. Here organisations like Alcoholics Ano nymous come into play, to prevent relapses and to offer maximum support. I believe the Public Health Model to be a very strong, workable model. Like the above model, it has empowerment on various levels and takes into account the various social and behavioural sciences and it’s impact on the individual. It attempts to know it and integrate it as part of the model rather than a model within it. It realizes the importance of understanding and manipulating these sciences to the desired end. However a strong criticism of this model is that the participants are viewed as being passive. There doesn’t seem to be any push from the individual himself but merely society restructuring to accommodate him on all levels. Also it does not take into account religious and traditional beliefs. In western society sharing of utensils is unhygienic, yet in African society it is almost the norm. The Community Psychology and PublicShow MoreRelatedCommunity Psychology and Public Health Approaches to Social Problems in South Africa806 Words   |  3 PagesMy aim in this paper is to analyse community psychology and public health and distinguish between the two approaches. Community Psychology focuses on economic, environmental, political and social factors that influence the way in which people all over the world live their lives. It also touches on social factors that contribute or causes problems in various societies. Public Health on the other hand, according to Tutorial Letter 102/0/2014, is defined as being concerned with â€Å"preventing disease andRead MoreCritically Compare and Contrast Community Psychology and Public Health Approaches to Social Problems851 Words   |  4 Pagescontrast community psychology and public health approaches to social problems. I will do this by comparing strengths and weaknesses of both approaches, as well as similarities between these app roaches. To compare these two concepts, one should first have a basic understanding of the origins and historical development of community psychology and public health. According to the American Heritage Medical dictionary (www.ahdictionary.com) Community Psychology is â€Å"the application of psychology to communityRead MoreCommunity Psychology1488 Words   |  6 Pagescompare and contrast community psychology with the public health approach Introduction In this essay, I will critically compare and contrast community psychology and the public health model in terms of their origins, core concepts, strengths and pitfalls of each approach, similarities and differences and in what way these approaches do or do not supplement one another. Community Psychology according to The Cambridge Dictionary of Psychology is defined as â€Å"a branch of applied psychology that focuses onRead MoreComparison with Community Psychology and Public Health1055 Words   |  5 Pagesdefines community psychology (CP) as â€Å"the application of psychology to community programs for the prevention of mental health disorders and the promotion of mental health.† Publi c health (PH) on the other hand is defined as â€Å"the science and practice of protecting and improving the health of a community as by preventative medicine; health education; control of communicable diseases; application of sanitary measures and monitoring of environmental hazards (website two, 2007).† Both approaches have itsRead MoreComparison with Community Psychology and Public Health1049 Words   |  5 Pagesdefines community psychology (CP) as â€Å"the application of psychology to community programs for the prevention of mental health disorders and the promotion of mental health.† Public health (PH) on the other hand is defined as â€Å"the science and practice of protecting and improving the health of a community as by preventative medicine; health education; control of communicable diseases; application of sanitary measures and monitoring of environmental hazards (website two, 2007).† Both approaches have itsRead MoreA Comparison of Community Psycho logy and Public Health1179 Words   |  5 PagesCOMPARISON OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH. In this assignment the key differences and similarities of community psychology and the public health approach will be examined and critically compared. Community Psychology is a branch of psychology which is concerned primarily with achieving positive mental health in the broader context of the community rather than the individual. Public health is primarily concerned and focused on changing behaviours within the context of the public in orderRead MorePyc4811 Assignment 11430 Words   |  6 PagesPYC4811 Assignment 1- 657794 Student Number- 55560296 Community Psychology and Public Health’s Approaches to Social Problems Introduction Community Psychology and Public Health models both cover the same ground but with key differences in the explanation of causes and influences on mental illness. Community psychology has a primary focus on understanding, and working with, people in their wider social context. Public Health on the other hand is concerned with preventing disease andRead MoreUnwanted and Unplanned Teen Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Illness1544 Words   |  7 Pagesof age was 329,797 (â€Å"Birth Rates for U.S.†, 2012). Although the decline in unwanted and unplanned teen births is on the rise the United States continues to be among the highest of industrialized countries facing this problem. This is a prevailing social concern because of the health risks to these young mothers as well as their babies. Teens at higher risk of becoming pregnant are raised at or below the poverty level by single parents; live in environments that cause high levels of stress (i.e.Read MoreApproaches to Crime Prevention Essay1036 Words   |  5 PagesThe Dominant Approaches Used For Crime Prevention Jamal Sanchez Bush Crime Prevention CJ212 June 21, 2011 Introduction Crime prevention has influenced by so many fields like sociology, psychology, criminology, urban planning and design, health care, education, community development, economics social work, among the others. This paper focuses on the dominant approaches to crime prevention which is currently used by law enforcement, courts, and corrections. The dominantRead MoreSocial Psychology1232 Words   |  5 PagesTuesday, Mar. 28, 2000 social psychology Socialization The process by which personality is formed as the result of social influences is called socialization. Early research methods employed case studies of individuals and of individual societies (e.g., primitive tribes). Later research has made statistical comparisons of numbers of persons or of different societies; differences in child-rearing Community Psychology and Public Health Approaches to... My aim in this paper is to analyse community psychology and public health and distinguish between the two approaches. Community Psychology focuses on economic, environmental, political and social factors that influence the way in which people all over the world live their lives. It also touches on social factors that contribute or causes problems in various societies. Public Health on the other hand, according to Tutorial Letter 102/0/2014, is defined as being concerned with â€Å"preventing disease and distress† in the community as a whole, not just the individual, before they occur. It promotes healthy living and with the prevention of illness linked with lifestyle. To compare these two concepts, one should first have a basic understanding of the origins and historical development of community psychology and public health. Community Psychology are very much linked with the mental health reform movements in the USA. The three most important reform movements were; ‘Moral Treatment’, ‘The Mental Hygiene’ and ‘Deinstitutionalisation’. Each of these movements have led to the establishment of particular types of institution: In the Moral Treatment era, we got therapeutic mental hospitals, the Mental Hygiene era gave us Child Guidance Clinics and the establishment of Community Health Centers came in the Deinstitutionalisation era (Tutorial Letter 102/0/2014). Public health, like community psychology, focuses on prevention of disease. It is defined as â€Å"the science and practice ofShow MoreRelatedCommunity Psychology1488 Words   |  6 Pagescompare and contrast community psychology with the public health approach Introduction In this essay, I will critically compare and contrast community psychology and the public health model in terms of their origins, core concepts, strengths and pitfalls of each approach, similarities and differences and in what way these approaches do or do not supplement one another. Community Psychology according to The Cambridge Dictionary of Psychology is defined as â€Å"a branch of applied psychology that focuses onRead MoreA Comparison of Community Psychology and Public Health1179 Words   |  5 PagesCOMPARISON OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH. In this assignment the key differences and similarities of community psychology and the public health approach will be examined and critically compared. Community Psychology is a branch of psychology which is concerned primarily with achieving positive mental health in the broader context of the community rather than the individual. Public health is primarily concerned and focused on changing behaviours within the context of the public in orderRead MoreComparison with Community Psychology and Public Health1055 Words   |  5 Pagesdefines community psychology (CP) as â€Å"the application of psychology to community programs for the prevention of mental health disorders and the promotion of mental health.† Public health (PH) on the other hand is defined as â€Å"the science and practice of protecting and improving the health of a community as by preventative medicine; health education; control of communicable diseases; application of sanitary measures and monitoring of enviro nmental hazards (website two, 2007).† Both approaches have itsRead MoreComparison with Community Psychology and Public Health1049 Words   |  5 Pagesdefines community psychology (CP) as â€Å"the application of psychology to community programs for the prevention of mental health disorders and the promotion of mental health.† Public health (PH) on the other hand is defined as â€Å"the science and practice of protecting and improving the health of a community as by preventative medicine; health education; control of communicable diseases; application of sanitary measures and monitoring of environmental hazards (website two, 2007).† Both approaches have itsRead MoreCritically Compare and Contrast Community Psychology and Public Health Approaches to Social Problems851 Words   |  4 Pagescontrast community psychology and public health approaches to social problems. I will do this by comparing strengths and weaknesses of both approaches, as well as similarities between these approaches. To compare these two concepts, one should first have a basic understanding of the origins and historical development of community psychology and public health. According to the American Heritage Medical dictionary (www.ahdictionary.com) Community Psychology is â€Å"the application of psychology to communityRead MorePyc4811 Assignment 11430 Words   |  6 PagesPYC4811 Assignment 1- 657794 Student Number- 55560296 Community Psychology and Public Health’s Approaches to Social Problems Introduction Community Psychology and Public Health models both cover the same ground but with key differences in the explanation of causes and influences on mental illness. Community psychology has a primary focus on understanding, and working with, people in their wider social context. Public Health on the other hand is concerned with preventing disease andRead MoreCommunity Psychology and Public Health Approaches to Social Problems1049 Words   |  5 PagesCommunity Psychology and Public Health approaches to Social Problems All change, individual or collective, stems from discontent or dissatisfaction with the status quo. The same is true of mainstream Psychology. The 1940’s through to the mid 1960’s gave rise to CommunityRead MoreFamily Tree19118 Words   |  77 Pageschronological evolution and comparison of approaches and findings. The goal of this report is to clarify the understandings and the uses of the most influential theories, strategies, and techniques. Theory refers to sets of concepts and propositions that articulate relations among variables to explain and predict situations and results. Theories explain the nature and causes of a given problem and provide guidelines for practical interventions. 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In additionRead MoreEmployee Engagement and CSR: TRANSACTIONAL, RELATIONAL, AND DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACHES12982 Words   |  52 PagesEmployee Engagement and CSR: TRANSACTIONAL, RELATIONAL, AND DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACHES Philip Mirvis This article looks at the relevance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) for engaging employees, including its impact on their motivation, identity, and sense of meaning and purpose. It explores three different ways that companies engage their employees through CSR: a transactional approach, where programs are undertaken to meet the needs of employees who want to take part in the CSR

Confirmation Of The Offer By The Offered †Myassignmenrhelp.Com

Questions: Whether any contract is formed, if yes, when the same was formed and with whom? Bernards legal position and remedies? Charlenes legal position and remedies? Damiens legal position and remedies? Types of alternate dispute resolution technique and their respective pros and cons? Answers: Introducation The contract is an agreement which can be enforceable in law provided it comprises of all the contract essentials (RBC Properties Pte Ltd v Defu Furniture Pte Ltd , [2014] ). The main contract essentials are:(Advice, 2012) An offer is a contract ingredient which is made by an offeror to an offeree according to which proposals with defined term are made and it is desired that the offeree will approve the offer (Woo Kah Wai v Chew Ai Hua Sandra , [2014]). When the offer comes in the notion of offeree then it is complete(Daniel John Brader and others v Commerzbank AG, 2013).(Goh, Lee, Tham, 2014) An acceptance is the confirmation of the offer by the offeree. The acceptance should correspond to the terms of the offer in order to be valid. It is the offeree who should accept the offer. Confirmation by any other person is not an acceptance in law(Midlink Development Pte Ltd v The Stansfield Group Pte Ltd, 2004). When the acceptance comes in the knowledge of the offeror then it is complete (R1 International Pte Ltd v Lonstroff AG, 2014). When the acceptance is made by post, then, it is complete when the letter is posted. (Goh, Lee, Tham, 2014) Whenever an acceptance is made then the offeree must agree to the terms of the offer. If an acceptance is made which is not equivalent to the offer terms then there is no offer (Hyde v Wrench , [1840]). When the offeree does not accept the offer but changes the terms of the offer then it is counter offer (Tekdata Interconnections Ltd v Amphenol Ltd, 2009). A counter offer cancels the offer and the new offer is the counter offers which if approved by the offeror results in contract.(Nicholas, 2017) When no offer is made but offers are invited from public then it is invitation to offer (Fisher v Bell , [1961] ). An invitation can be made through advertisement. The people relying on advertisement can make offer and the adviser must accept the same to make a binding contract (Partridge v Crittenden , [1968]). (Nicholas, 2017) When an offer is accepted then there is agreement that is made amid the parties. But, when the promises are exchanged then the parties must have legal intention when the same are done. Any offer and acceptance when made without any legal intention then it has no relevance in law (T2 Networks Pte Ltd v Nasioncom Sdn Bhd, 2008). In domestic relationship, the legal intention is normally presumed to be lacking but is presume to be present in commercial relationships. But, this presumption is rebuttable. (Goh, Lee, Tham, 2014) Apart from offer, acceptance and intention, the parties must be exchanging the promises with some kind of benefit which supports the promises. It is called consideration in law and it makes the contract enforceable in law (Chwee Kin Keong and others v Digilandmall.com Pte Ltd , 2004). Thus, these are the main elements of contract law which is applied to the facts of the case. Application of law As per the facts, Alan was a student. He intends to sell his books introduction to business law in Singapore. On 1st November 2015, he posted a note on facebook wherein he invited his friends to make offers to buy the book. So, as per (Fisher v Bell , [1961] )and (Partridge v Crittenden , [1968]), Allan has made an invitation to offer by advertising his book and his notes for sale. The selling price of the book/notes was $ 200 and he kept the offer open till 5th November. Also, as per (Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company , [1892]), the offer is for specific persons, so, the acceptance must also be made from such persons only. Since the offeree are defines, so, the acceptance must be made by the offeree only. Now, the issues are resolved. A valid contract was established amid Allan and Damien on 4th November evening, when an offer is made by Damien to buy the book at $ 200 and the same was accepted by Allan there and then. Bernards legal position and remedies On 2nd November, Bernard (who is the friend of the facebook of Allan) made an offer to Allan that he is interested in buying the book. However, he offered that he is interested in buying the book @ $150. Thus, an offer is made by Bernard which must be accepted by Allan to make a valid contract with Bernard. On 3rd Nov, Allan replied to the post of Bernard and he submitted that he is not keen to accept the offer at $ 150. Thus, the offer that is made by Bernard is rejected by Allan. Now, there is no offer which is present against which an acceptance can be made by the parties. On 4th November, Bernard posted $ 200 to Allan which is received by Allan on 5th November. However, Bernard has sent an acceptance, but, the same is not valid as there is no offer which is made by Allan to Bernard. No acceptance can be made when there is no offer at place. It will make no difference as when the letter is posted and when it is received. Since there is no offer so there can be no acceptance without the same. iii.Charleens legal position and remedies Charleen is also on the friend list of Allan. She made an offer to Allan and submitted that she is intended to buy the book @ $200. However, she submitted that she will pass the money by 6th November. When Allan nodded to the statement of Charleen, then, at that time, he was not accepting the offer of Charleen but was thinking of something else. So there was lack f intention when the acceptance was made. Also, the acceptance was not made against the offer. So, the acceptance made by Allan has no relevance in law. So, at this time there is no formation of contract amid the parties. Damiens legal position and remedies Damien was the friend of Bernard and is not on the facebook friend list of Allan. However he was interested in buying the book from Allan. An sms is send by Damien to Allan wherein he submitted that he is interested in buying the book and can sent the money by 4th November. This is an offer which is made by Damien to Allan. But, there is no acceptance that is made by Allan to Damien. In fact the invitation was not for Damien as he was not on the friends list of Allan. But, later in the evening of 4th November, Damien saw Allan and made a personal offer to Allan to buy the book at $ 200. Allan accepted this new offer of Damien and submitted that he will hand over the books by 7th November. So, a valid contract was established amid Damien and Allan on 4th November for the sale and purchase of the book at $ 200. Alternate dispute resolution technique and their respective pros and cons? Whenever two parties are in conflict with each other, then, they try to resolve their disputes. The resolution is normally attained through court process called litigation. Litigation is a most common technique to resolve the disputes wherein one party (plaintiff/aggrieved) imposes allegations on another party (defendant/defaulter) and the other party defends the allegations so imposed.(Kevin, 1999) Further, when litigation is commenced amid the parties then it takes considerable amount of time to resolve the disputes. Litigation is not only time consuming but also it is costly in nature. Further, both the parties must represent themselves through lawyer (not always necessary) in order to represent their case in the court of law thereby making the process of law more costly.(Charles, 1999) Thus, in order to curb the disadvantages that are associated with the process of litigation and to bring justice with no time delay and with cost effectiveness, a new method or technique was brought in to resolve the disputes. It is called Alternate Dispute resolution mechanism. Alternative dispute resolution mechanism is a technique wherein party does not move to the court of law to resolve their disputes, rather, the dispute is resolved with the help of a third natural party who after analyzing the arguments of both the parties come with an outcome which at times is binding upon the parities. An Alternative dispute resolution mechanism lays down two different methods of dispute resolution; the same are arbitration and conciliation. Arbitration When the two disputed parties intent to resolve their disputes with the help of an independent third party, who is neutral, then, it is a process of arbitration. The neutral person is called an arbitrator. The decision of the arbitrator is binding upon the parties and the parties cannot later submit that they are not interested in the outcome of the arbitration. The parties only represent the case and it is the arbitrator ho after full analysis to the facts and arguments come to the desired solution. (Tay, (1998) ) The main advantages that are associated with the process of arbitration are that it is the most effective alternative that is found when compared with litigation. It is not very time consuming when compared with the litigation process. Also, the expenses that are incurred are also less from litigation. The neutral person is someone who is the representative of the parties and thus both the parties believe in the decision of the arbitrator. There is presence of confidentiality and reliability. The decisions of the arbitrator are binding and thus there are less conflicts. But, there are few disadvantages that are also associated with the process of arbitration. Though the decision of the arbitrator is binding upon the parties however, if the parties are not in consent with the decision then they can go to the court of law. By going to litigation again increases the cost of dispute resolution. The common place of dispute resolution is at times not desirable to be reached by the parties. Another method which is normally availed by the parties, apart from arbitration, to resolve their disputes is mediation. (Grant Peter, 2015) Mediation When a third party is selected by the parties to the dispute in order to resolve the dispute, but, wherein the decision by the third party is not binding, then, it is the process of mediation. The third party who resolves the dispute is called mediator. The role of the mediator is merely counseling or guiding the parties and there is no set procedure that is followed by the mediator while coming to a decision. (Joel Hwee, 2009) There are few advantages that are associated with mediation are that, it is not very expensive nor the same is very time consuming. Since the decision is not binding upon the parties thus there is freedom that is availed to the parties to resolve to some other dispute resolution technique. Confidentiality is maintained in the process. However, there are few disadvantages that are also associated with the process. Since the decision is not binding thus it results in unending resolution of disputes. The intention of the parties is not to resolve the disputes. It is thus concluding that the process of arbitration and mediation are both very effective method of dispute resolution and thus any of them can be attained against litigation which is very time consuming and expensive. Conclusion It is thus concluded that a valid contract was established amid Damien and Allan on 4th November for the sale and purchase of the book at $ 200. Also, arbitration and mediations are the two alternative dispute resolution techniques which are normally used against litigation to resolve the disputes References Advice, S. L. (2012, August 14). Singapore Legal Advice. Retrieved May 15, 2017, from Requisite elements in the formation of a contract: https://singaporelegaladvice.com/law-articles/requisite-elements-in-the-formation-of-a-contract/ AG, R. I. ([2014] ). Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company ([1892]). Charles, P. (1999). Economic Consequences of Litigation Worldwide. Kluwer Law International. Chwee Kin Keong and others v Digilandmall.com Pte Ltd (2004). Daniel John Brader and others v Commerzbank AG (2013). Fisher v Bell ([1961] ). Goh, V., Lee, W., Tham, C. (2014). Contract Law. SAL Ann Rev . Grant, J., Peter, P. (2015). ADR and Trusts: An international guide to arbitration and mediation of trust disputes. Spiramus Press Ltd. Hyde v Wrench ([1840]). Joel, L., Hwee, T. (2009). An Asian Perspective on Mediation. Academy Publishing. Kevin, T. (1999). The Singapore Legal System. Australia: NUS Press. Midlink Development Pte Ltd v The Stansfield Group Pte Ltd (2004). Nicholas, J. (2017). Nicholastong. Retrieved May 15, 2017, from Nicks Law Notes - Contarct law: https://www.nicholastong.com/law/Nick's%20Notes%20-%20Contract%20(Part%201).pdf Partridge v Crittenden ([1968]). R1 International Pte Ltd v Lonstroff AG (2014). RBC Properties Pte Ltd v Defu Furniture Pte Ltd ([2014] ). T2 Networks Pte Ltd v Nasioncom Sdn Bhd (2008). Tay, C. ((1998) ). Resolving Disputes by Arbitration: What You Need to Know . NUS Press. Tekdata Interconnections Ltd v Amphenol Ltd (2009). Woo Kah Wai v Chew Ai Hua Sandra ([2014]).

Placebos Essays - Clinical Research, Medical Ethics,

Placebos A placebo is defined as an inactive substance resembling a medication, given for psychological effect or as a control in evaluating a medicine believed to be active. However the placebo only fits this description under the restraints it has been given by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, which refers to the placebo as an investigational new drug. In actuality, up until the present much of medicine was built on placebos. "Not very long ago, the rituals and symbols of healing constituted the bulk of the physicians armamentarium. In the early decades of the 20th century, most of the medication that doctors carried in their little black bags and kept in their office cabinets had little or no pharmacological value against the maladies for which they were prescribed. Nevertheless, their use in the appropriate clinical context was no doubt frequently beneficial."(Brown, 6) Even though placebos have been proven effective medicine time and time again the FDA remains reluctant to approve them for anything more than clinical research. The FDA stands on their disapproval of placebos as medicine on the basis that patients are to be given the best treatment available. Who is to say that a placebo is not as, if not more effective than the accepted remedy? There are an endless variety of cases that have proven placebos inconclusively effective. Among the most famous of these cases is the story of "Mr. Wright," who was found to have cancer and in 1957 was given only days to live. Hospitalized in Long Beach, California, with tumors the size of oranges, he heard that scientists had discovered a horse serum, Krebiozen, that appeared to be effective against cancer. After Wright begged to receive the serum, his physician, Dr. Philip West, finally agreed and gave wright the injection on a Friday afternoon, not telling Wright that injection consisted only of water. The following Monday the doctor was astonished to find that the patient's tumors were gone. Dr. West later wrote the tumors, " had melted like snowballs on a hot stove." At Tulane University, Dr. Eileen Palace has been using a placebo to restore sexual arousal in women who say they are nonorgasmic. The women are hooked up to a biofeedback machine that they are told measures their vaginal blood flow, an index of arousal. Then they are shown sexual stimuli that would arouse most women. The experiment then tricks the women by sending a false feedback signal, within 30 seconds, that their vaginal blood flow has increased. Almost immediately after they become genuinely aroused. In another case a study was carried out in Japan on 13 people that were extremely allergic to poison ivy. Each individual was rubbed on one arm with a harmless leaf and told that it was poison ivy and then rubbed on the opposite arm with poison ivy and told that it was harmless. All thirteen broke out in a rash where the harmless leaf had contacted their arm. Only two reacted to the poison ivy leaves. (Blakeslee, 2) In yet another example, patients with angina pectoris, chest pain, associated with heart disease, have been shown to improve substantially following an operation that involved nothing more than a simple skin incision. Angina also improved following a type of artery surgery once thought to be effective but later found to be ineffective. (Turner, 1) These are just a few of a great number of cases that prove the effectiveness of placebos. How do placebos work? There are many theories on how placebos work but really no definite answers. Many believe that the response to placebos is one of conditioning. That is that the site of a doctor, his white coat, the sterile smell, and a prescribed medication is equated with being cured, and because we think that we will get better we do. Some think that a placebo might reduce stress, allowing the body to regain some natural optimum level of health. Others believe that special molecules in the brain help carry out the placebo effect. A recent study found that stressed animals could produce a valium like substance in their brain if they have some control over the source of the stress. People must certainly share similar brain chemistry. (Blakeslee, 3) In any case, do we have to know how a placebo works if it is proven that it does work? There are certain birth control methods and stress therapies that work effectively, without explanation and with FDA approval. Many physicians discredit placebos because the feel that the use of a placebo is lying to the

nuc med essays

nuc med essays 1. When a tuning fork is held up to an ear and rotated, the orientation causes differing intensities in sound. In this case, if the tuning fork is held so the widest edge is parallel to the ear, the sound is the loudest. If it is held perpendicularly to the ear, the sound is moderately loud. If the fork is held at a 45-degree angle, the sound is still present, but it is the quietest of the orientations. 4. We counted a total of 7 cycles over a period of .02 seconds. We can conclude that one cycle was completed in .00286 seconds. Taking the inverse of this gives us a frequency of 350 Hz. The frequency given for this particular tuning fork was 349.2 Hz. 5. For the next part, two tuning forks, labeled 349.2 and 341.3 Hz respectively were both struck and then measured at the same time. The resultant graph of sound pressure vs. time is not a basic sinusoidal wave. The wave now looks like a normal sinusoidal wave, except the waves maximum amplitude oscillates over time. It is difficult to tell the specific component frequencies. However, it is possible to take the frequency of the beats, and this frequency is the difference between the two component frequencies. In this case, the period of the beats was about .12 seconds, which translates to about 8.333 Hz. This is approximately the difference between the frequencies of the two tuning forks used. 6. On the graph of the Fourier transform, the largest peak shows up at 347.9 Hz. This is reasonably close to the tuning forks actual frequency of 349.2 Hz. Other, much smaller peaks also show up at 695.8 Hz and 2154.54, which are two times, and six times the initial frequency, respectively. A similar behavior was observed with the other tuning fork. On this one, the Fourier transform graph shows the highest peak at 341.8 Hz. Smaller peaks can be seen at 677.49 Hz, and 2099.61 Hz. These frequencies are again two times, and six times the initial frequency, respectively. ...

Balance Of Diversity And Unity Cultural Studies Essay

Balance Of Diversity And Unity Cultural Studies Essay For a country to be considered a superpower, it must have prominent import/export trade capacity, command political power in the world (allies), sustain a powerful military, and provide a substantial a high Gross National Product. What is usually overlooked is how the microeconomics is affected in a highly positive manner by the harmonious balance of diversity and unity within the successful countries that are operation so proficiently. The inner-workings and confluence between the cultures of any high ranking country are most probably functioning in a well defined rhythm. If there is a glitch in the smallest cog of the machine of any country it can usually be traced back to unrest in the social balance of diversity and unity, which results in the decline of a country’s economic success. A very crucial balance between unity and diversity within society is not an easy goal to achieve. Finding the perfect balance between any two principles can be an extremely difficult task, if not impossible. In this difficult search we look back in history to feudal China, where the philosophy of yin and yang were created. Svebor Hlede, an expert on the history of Chinese philosophy states that â€Å"The dual concepts of yin and yang which describe two primal opposing but complementary principles or cosmic forces said to be found in all non-static objects and processes in the universe† (Hlede). This seemingly paradoxical concept is the very nature of unity and diversity. Unity and diversity are two contradictory philosophies which must work in unison to allow a society to stray away from stagnation and stasis. When looking at the yin and yang circle, two parts which will represent unity and diversity are put together in a circle. This circle represents society as a whole, the two parts are contradicting aspects, they fight and interchange each other. Whenever the trend of unity increases, the trend of diversity decreases and so on. (Hlede) Abraham Lincoln, the si xteenth president of the United States, said â€Å"United we stand, divided we fall,† he was discussing the north/south cultural differences that brought on the Civil War. This concept of the absolute importance is appropriately valid in modern times to this day. One cannot survive on one’s own; therefore life is based upon and requires unity. Agreeing that unity is a principle building block in the base of a successful nation does not mean that the whole world follows this logic. For some, violence between cultures is such an ingrained tradition that balances between unity and diversity seems an improbable goal. It is the unfortunate truth â€Å"that when certain people in power try to promote unity within nations/countries, other certain people in power will do and say something that will cause disunity, which brings about war and all other types of evil things† (Thoughtz). For example, the current president of Iran invites aggravation when he states that the Holocaust did not happen. In another speech he advises the state of Israel should be wiped out. The condition of the Middle East is a proper example of no unity or acceptance of diversity. There is ongoing tension between the Israelis and its surround neighbors the bordering Arab countries. If one tries to promote unity in the Middle East, it is easily pushed aside when such an inflammatory statement is made by the president of Iran; this causes a tremendous uproar because the Holocaust did happen. Even in America there can be seen a sway in the balance of race relation and race unity. Racism is still happening in the US and also discrimination. Although progress has been made in the last half a century that unity can be disrupted when a racist incident occurs like the Jena 6 case. Racism is a leach on the social structure that keeps sucking away whatever unity seems to be gained.

Crafting a Compensation and Benefits Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Crafting a Compensation and Benefits Plan - Essay Example Despite these internal factors, there are also those external factors that compel the manager to offer a particular salary range for employees. Some of these include the salary that is provided for the same position by other organizations that provide similar kinds of services. However, the ability to recruit and maintain employees lies on the ability to value and appreciate their efforts as opposed to issuing any monetary values. Comparable organizations in the same industry tend to offer varied salary and benefit ranges for the purposes of recruiting and retaining their employees for different reasons. In this case, the company that I created in a coffee shop that is renowned for the best service of beverages. This is mainly because both the provision of goods and services are given directly to the customers by the employees hence it is important to ensure that the best are recruited and the best efforts made to retain them for the sake of customer satisfaction. Those that may be involved as competitors and who are in the same industry include supermarkets and large retail chain stores as well as restaurants that may be involved in the sale of similar products at the same price. All of these tend to have the same structure in the composition of their staff and overall staffing with minor differences hence similar levels and need for recruitment and retention. Their salary and benefit ranges are as follows The 21st Century is varied from the other periods in terms of the abilities to recruit and maintain employees in terms of payment. What the current employees consider as benefits is completely different from what they considered to be so in the past. Monetary terms and payment played a large role in the recruitment and retention of employees in the past. It is, however, no longer the case as the current employees consider the value of the organization towards them more. What they consider as benefits of the company is the need to be engaged and involved

A world Full of challenges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A world Full of challenges - Essay Example The individualism can be traced back to the 18th century. The ideologies of individual freedom, a chance to compete for ones material well-being and the government not interfering with individuals’ initiative. The assumption of those ideologies is that if individuals pursued their own goals it would be interfered with by the public spirit, which would hinder the common goal of shaping the social institutions. The ideal of an autonomous individual was embedded in moral ecology like family and the church (Robert, 2011). The economic initiative which is in the public sphere was hoped to grow together with public spirit. Public spirit is crucial to the institution of democracy, individualism is primarily expressed through market mentality, it has affected every part of individuals’ lives, it undermines institutions like family and community, in general, that have in the past worked for collective purpose. Lack of common concern or purpose for a common good is ill for people claiming to be democratic. To restore the institutions in a way that transform and revitalize the democracy, in a culture of individualism is not easy. The people have to shed their individualistic blinders and pay attention to things that they are dependent on and their collective responsibility for the institutions to shape their common life. Create space for collective responsibilities starting with the family, where the parent should share their responsibilities equitably, places of work where people should embrace teamwork. Religious and educational institutions bear peoples moral and hence plays a vital role in intelligent and active participation in public work (Robert, 2011). Underlying this proposal, people should participate in public projects hence broadening their perspectives and concerns. From the focus of self to viewing individuals as members of the larger community, concerned with fellow citizens,

A Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor Essay -- Flannery OCo

"A Good Man is Hard to Find" by Flannery O'Connor   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the short story, 'A Good Man is Hard to Find', the main character is the grandmother. Flannery O'Connor, the author, lets the reader find out who the grandmother is by her conversations and reactions to the other characters in the story. The grandmother is the most important character in the story because she has a main role in the stories principal action. This little old lady is the protagonist in this piece. We learn more about her from her direct conversation with the son, Bailey, her grandchildren, June Star and John Wesley, and the Misfit killer. Through these conversations, we know that she is a lady raised from a traditional background. In the story, her attitude changes more than once to accommodate the surroundings that she is in. With the data provided, we can tell that the grandmother goes from not wanting to go to Florida, to anxious to go, and in the end, I felt as if she went off the deep end. All of the sudden, the only thing she really concentr ates on is Jesus and her not being killed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The action in the entire story surrounds and normally begins with something the grandmother has said or done. At the very beginning of the story, she starts off by stating that she does not want to go to Florida. She would rather go to east Tennessee and tried anything she could to change Bailey?s mind (Page 426). Later in the story, as they began the trip to Florida, the grandmother talked the entire time. She would tell stories of her youth to the grandchildren and lecture them about being more respectful to their native state, and to their parents. Although the grandmother is the protagonist, it is her fault that the trip ended in the devastating way that it did. She, unknowingly, led her entire family to their fate. She is even more responsible for the deaths because of what she brought on the trip with her. If there had been no cat, there would have not been an accident. If the accident would not have happened, the family had an extremely good chance to survi ve their vacation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many things that happen in the story that gives more information about the grandmother. The reader can tell that the woman is paranoid by her conversations at the start of this story. She reads about the Misfit killer and assumes it would be dangerous to travel to Florida with a man like that on t... ... her days, people that were raised well in good families did not commit hainus crimes like murder. She could not believe that this man was capable of killing her. In the end, after her entire family was killed, she realized that her time was up. She made a last desperate attempt to save her life and ultimately failed. The Misfit killer shot her three times. The killer then says, ?she would have been a good woman if there had been someone to shoot her every minute of her life?(Page 436). This statement leads me to believe that he knew what type of woman that she was.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most important aspect of this story is the actual meaning of ?A Good Man is Hard to Find.? Most people think that is a term meant just for a woman trying to find a man to fall in love with. In this story, it has a complete different meaning. Through the grandmother?s eyes, it was not only good men that were gone, but it was also the good life. I believe she was ready for death, but this was not the death that she wanted. Works Cited: O?Connor, Flannery. ?A Good Man is Hard to Find.? Literature: An introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 8th ed. New York: Longman, 2002.

Effects of Implementation of a School Uniform Policy

Donohue ( 1996 ) provinces in response to turning degrees of force in schools, instructors, parents, and school functionaries have come to see school uniforms as one positive and originative manner to cut down subject jobs and increase safety. They believe that the acceptance of school unvarying policies can advance school safety, better subject and heighten the acquisition environment. In the Washington ( District of Columbia ) schools, a survey of the impact of uniform/dress codifications and patterns on school clime, educational attainment, and pupil affective and cognitive spheres was conducted. The consequences of the informations indicate the followers: ( 1 ) grounds cited for involvement in a unvarying policy were based on the demand to learn pupils that fabrics do non do a individual, fiscal nest eggs for household, and parent concern that kids might take part in an illicit act to buy interior decorator vesture ; ( 2 ) simple schools were more likely than secondary schools to be be aftering to implement a unvarying policy ; ( 3 ) parents were normally involved in developing a uniform policy in simple schools ; ( 4 ) there was no important alteration in the overall attending or educational attainment after implementing a policy ; and ( 5 ) parents an school staff believe that have oning uniforms has had a positive impact on school clime ( Stevenson 1991 ) . Purpose of the Survey: The intent of this proposal is to find if school uniforms, if implemented, will bring forth a perceptual experience of a safer and more disciplined acquisition environment for pupils, parents, and instructors at Southport Middle School in St. Lucie County. Research Questions: The research inquiries which will try to analyze: How will school uniforms cut down violent happenings in in-between schools- Who will profit the most from a school uniform policy, -What consequence will school uniforms have towards designer vesture and peer pressure- Are at that place any benefits or fiscal nest eggs if school uniforms are implemented -What affect will school unvarying policies have on safety and subject in in-between school. Hypothesis: The above information indicates that school unvarying constabularies appear to hold value. A research survey refering the effects of these policies on perceptual experience of safety and subject is of import and should be pursued. The proposed survey, hence, will be based on the undermentioned hypothesis: Percepts of safety and subject among pupils, parents and instructors in in-between schools are affected by the execution of school unvarying policies. The void hypothesis is stated as follows: School Uniform Policies have no affect on instructor ‘s, parent ‘s and pupil ‘s perceptual experiences of safety at South port in-between school. Rationale and Significance of the Survey: There have been a figure of surveies on the execution of a school uniform policy, and all of those published have been successful in run intoing some end or intent. This survey serves as another stepping-stone that will offer insight so that research worker can prove the sentiments about a policy that may really be implemented and is of great involvement to the concern of the in-between school population. on perceptual experiences of safety and subject on a sample population limited to middle school pupils, parents and instructors in St. Lucie County, Florida. A disciplined and safe acquisition environment should b a precedence demand for a good school, as pupils who are safe and secure are better pupils ( Donohue 1996 ) . In response to turning degrees of force in schools, instructors, parents, and school functionaries have come to see school uniforms as one positive and originative manner to cut down subject jobs and increase safety. They believe that the acceptance of school unvarying policies can advance school safety, better subject and heighten the acquisition environment. Nature of the Survey: In order to supply grounds of a causal nexus between variables, this survey attempts to set up a statistical relationship between the undermentioned variables. The design of the survey is descriptive, with a cross sectional design. The research is expected to associate the dependant variable, perceptual experience of safety and subject among pupils, parents and instructors at in-between schools with the independent variable, execution of school uniforms. This design appears to be appropriate so that the research worker can prove the sentiments about a policy that may really be implemented and is of great involvement to the concern of the in-between school population. Premises and Restrictions: It is expected that the survey will hold high internal cogency as it tests sentiments about a policy that may really be implemented and is of great involvement to the study participants. There is, nevertheless, a menace of prejudice since pupils, parents and instructors are cognizant of others involved in the research and may alter their replies consequently. The research besides may hold high external cogency if the pupils are considered to be representative of all in-between school pupils in St. Lucie County.LITERATURE REVIEWThe intent of this proposal is to analyze if implementing school uniforms will bring forth a safer and more disciplined acquisition environment for pupils, parents, and instructors at Southport Middle School in St. Lucie County. Theoretical Model: The information introduced in the literary reappraisal provides the footing for a nexus between school unvarying policies and the perceptual experience of safety and subject in the school environment. This information was collected from decision makers and journalists who performed their ain experiments or observed others who had seen the alterations first-hand. In add-on, primary information has been collected from study distributed to all pupils, parents and instructors at South Port Middle School. Therefore, this survey will use a descriptive, cross-sectional design. The findings in the literary reappraisal, thenceforth, will be compared with replies to questionnaire on the execution of school uniforms in the in-between school environment. A convenience sampling of topics who fundamentally â€Å" select themselves † by returning the questionnaire will later supply the primary informations to be analyzed. Introduction to the Literature Review: There is a considerable sum of literature refering school unvarying policies and their consequence upon pupil behaviour. Violence has late, been labeled by many wellness professionals as a possible menace to the overall wellness and academic success of kids ( Stephen 1996 ) . Steming force, hence, has become a precedence concern of school decision makers, particularly in the in-between school environment. Approximately one in four pupil ‘s concerns about going a victim of offense or menaces at school, and one in eight pupils study holding been victimized on a school campus ( Chandler 1996 ) . As a consequence of such studies, schools have implemented force bar plans, but these plans have shown small success ( McAllister 1995 ) . As the force bar plans continue, nevertheless, decision makers, instructors, parents, and pupils have noted a possible connexion between the types of vesture pupils wear in school and school force. Students have oning gang-related or gang-like vesture tend to rule the manner tendency at schools, particularly those in urban countries. When pupils are have oning gang-related vesture, the existent pack members frequently take the chance to come in unnoticed into schools. A pupil, hence, based on the colour or type of vesture he wears, can go the mark of knowing or unwilled force ( Gursky 1996 ) . In add-on, the manner of vesture presently popular with in-between school pupil ‘s loose-fitting bloomerss and outsize shirts can go a agencies of transporting arms or drugs into school and therefore indirectly increases the opportunity of school force. As pupils engage in the avidity to be stylish many besides set up a connexion between vesture manner and school force. Students may envy other pupil ‘s vesture but lack fiscal resources to buy similar manners. Consequently, pupils who do own these valuable points have been violently injured or even murdered for their interior decorator apparels or gym shoes. In Detroit, a 15 year-old was shot for his eighty-dollar hoops places. In Oxon Hill, Maryland, a 17 year-old male award pupil was killed at a coach halt, caught in a cross fire during the robbery of another pupil ‘s interior decorator jacket ( Woods 1996 ) . Consequently, school uniforms may cut down these violent happenings, necessitating kids to have on the same vesture could direct a message that all participants are on the same squad. Uniform Benefits: Historically, uniforms have been worn for a assortment of circumstance. Nurses wear their healthful shred work garb ; athletic squads put on their athletics apparels, complete with squad logo ; and military forces dress out in fatigues or frock unvarying to suit the juncture. Uniforms may be associated with positive or negative functions. Harmonizing to Majestic ( 1995 ) , uniforms can function several maps. First, uniforms define group boundaries, promote group ends, and cut down function struggle. Football squad member, for illustration, do non vie against each other, but they work hand in glove to accomplish the end of winning the game. Second, uniforms can uncover function theoretical accounts. These vesture symbols tell perceivers that the wearer can be categorized as a pupil, security guard, or Boy Scout. Third, uniforms legitimize functions in given state of affairss by clear uping rank and function. For case, individuals dressed in fire combat uniforms would be expected to be firemen who would snuff out firs. Finally, uniforms act as a symbol of group rank. Group members, even if they do non cognize each other personally, can place with each other by have oning a similar uniform. In the yesteryear, school uniforms have been used to exemplify that vesture does non do a individual. This is particularly true in the parochial school scene. However, oppositions of school uniforms have challenged frock ordinance by claiming a misdemeanor of the liberty involvement to command one ‘s visual aspect which is set Forth under the Fourteenth Amendment ( Stephen 1996 ) . In 1969, the Supreme Court affirmed, in Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, that official are â€Å" stat † histrions whose subject of pupils is constrained by the federal fundamental law ( Majestic 1995 ) , that the instance established, the right of pupils â€Å" to freedom of look in school unless the exercising of that right would materially and well interfere with the demands of appropriate subject or collide with the rights of others in the school † ( Majestic 1995 ) . Another dictum was established in the â€Å" Kelly Decision † . This determination establishes a method for analysing personal visual aspect instances. Harmonizing to Potner, ( 1996 ) , who believed that â€Å" a individual has a basic autonomy involvement in their personal visual aspect that can non be infringed with some screening of a rational footing related to a legitimate authorities involvement † ( Majestic 1991 ) . It appears that concluding for this instance is based on the theory that pupils are capable legion limitations o their personal freedoms as an built-in portion of the educational procedure. Affects on Safety and Discipline: The clang between pupils ‘ single rights to free look and the duty of public school governments to supply a safe and supportive acquisition environment helps to fuel the argument over dress-code policy. In 1988, in the Hazelwood School District v. Kuhllmeier instance, the Supreme Court found that public schools by and large are non unfastened public forums in the same sense as streets or Parkss and that school functionaries may therefore enforce sensible limitations on free address ( Potner 1996 ) . This opinion was consistent with earlier Supreme Court pronouncements that the â€Å" school ‘s alone function in advancing regard for authorization and traditional values and in fixing persons for engagement as citizens justifies greater latitude in modulating address on school belongings † ( Futrerell 1996 ) . A opinion on compulsory unvarying policy in public schools came from Maricopa County Arizona. In a 1995 instance and Arizona province justice upheld that a rigorous mandatory-uniform policy regulated free look whether the school ‘s ground for the unvarying policy was sensible. Local school territories and single schools normally adopt a unvarying policy. Harmonizing to the Manual on School Uniforms sent to schools by the United States Secretary of Education. Riley ( 1996 ) , finding whether to follow a school unvarying policy involves the followers: First, acquire parents involved from the beginning. Parental support of a unvarying policy is critical for success. The strongest push for school uniforms in recent old ages has come from parent groups who want better subject. Second, protect pupils ‘ spiritual look. A school unvarying policy must suit pupils whose spiritual beliefs are well burdened by a unvarying demand. Third, protect pupils ‘ other rights of look. A unvarying policy may non forbid pupils from warring or exposing expressive points every bit long as such points do non independently contribute to break by well interfering with subject or with the rights of others. Forth, find whether to hold a voluntary or compulsory school uniform policy. Some schools have adopted voluntary school unvarying policies that permit pupils freely to take whether and under what fortunes they will have on school uniforms. Fifth, do non necessitate pupils to have on a message. Schools should non enforce a signifier of look on pupils by necessitating them to have on uniforms bearing a substantial message, such as a political message. Sixth, assist households that need fiscal aid. School territories with unvarying policies should do commissariats for pupils whose households are unable to afford uniforms. Finally, treat school uniforms as portion of an overall safety plan. Uniform policy and its benefits: School territories across the state are sing school unvarying policies because they appear to supply ready solutions to some of the facets of school safety, pack force, arms in school, and assaults associated with larceny of expensive vesture. Gang attire causes packs to be openly hostile to each other and creates and ambiance of bullying or break, and inadvertent erosion of the incorrect colour can set a pupil ‘s life at hazard ( Reasonably, 1994 ) . Besides, in recent old ages, some young person manners have encourage have oning â€Å" baggy † apparels where arms can be and hold been hidden in outsize bloomerss or overalls. These sorts of discourtesies harmonizing to Jolly would be favourably affected by promoting or necessitating uniformity in pupil school wear. School Reduction of Violence: Nolin ( 1996 ) suggests seven benefits historically cited by advocates of school uniforms ; viz. , the belief that ( a ) subject and ( B ) regard for the instructor are increased, ( degree Celsius ) group spirit is promoted ; ( vitamin D ) academic criterions are maintained through uniformity ; ( vitamin E ) strain on parental begets is eased and ( degree Fahrenheit ) there is a lessening in the race for societal position, accompanied by an ability to de-emphasise socioeconomic difference by restricting â€Å" manner statements † , and ( g ) interlopers on the school campus can be more easy identified. School uniforms can besides cut down the accent on manner wars and reenforce the acceptableness of less dearly-won school vesture. Uniforms can ease the strain on parental budgets, a peculiar advantage in low-income households. Uniforms can besides cut down the usage of vesture as index of position and wealth ( Futrell 1994 ) . In add-on to encouraging pupils to concentrate on larning instead than on what to have on, uniforms can advance peer credence, every bit good as school spirit and school pride. By have oning uniforms, pupils can take ownership in school rank, bridge the differences among widely economic degrees of pupils, and go more incorporate through the decrease in cultural and cultural tensenesss ( Cohn 1996 ) . Further, uniforms can back up the connexion between school, professional scene, acquisition, and future success. Some experts suggest that pupils who come to school â€Å" dressed for success † and ready to larn a higher chance of accomplishing their ends ( Riley 1996 ) . In the study of the United Teachers of Dade County, Florida, about 60 per centum of the group ‘s members supported compulsory uniforms for school kids ( Gursky 1996 ) . Similarly, of the five thousand five 100 principals surveyed as attendants of the National Association of Secondary School Principals ‘ Annual Conference in February 1996, more than 70 per centum believed that necessitating pupils to have on uniforms to school would cut down violent incidents and subject jobs ( Portner 1996 ) . Furthermore, greater than 80 per centum of Long Beach Press-Telegram readers supported school uniforms ( Chandler 1996 ) . Long Beach, California, United School District, consisting 56 simple schools and about 60 1000 pupils, was the first big urban school territory in the United States to necessitate school uniforms for all pupils, kindergarten through class eight. Since 1994, when compulsory unvarying policies were adopted in this school territory, functionaries have found that force and subject jobs dramatically decreased ( Potner 1996 ) . In the first twelvemonth following execution, overall school offense decreased by 36 per centum ; sex discourtesies, by 74 per centum ; physical battles between pupils, by 51 per centum ; school suspensions, by 32 per centum ; and hooliganism, by 18 per centum ( Cohn 1996 ) . Uniform Safety and Discipline: In the Washington ( District of Columbia ) schools, a survey of the impact of uniform/dress codifications and patterns on school clime, educational attainment, and pupil affective and cognitive spheres was conducted. The consequences of the informations indicate the followers: ( 1 ) grounds cited for involvement in a unvarying policy were based on the demand to learn pupils that fabrics do non do a individual, fiscal nest eggs for household, and parent concern that kids might take part in an illicit act to buy interior decorator vesture ; ( 2 ) simple schools were more likely than secondary schools to be be aftering to implement a unvarying policy ; ( 3 ) parents were normally involved in developing a uniform policy in simple schools ; ( 4 ) there was no important alteration in the overall attending or educational attainment after implementing a policy ; and ( 5 ) parents an school staff believe that have oning uniforms has had a positive impact on school clime ( Stevenson 1991 ) . Another survey conducted by Woods ( 1992 ) in a Chicago public school surveyed the attitudes of parents toward a unvarying pupil frock codification. Seventy- Seven per centum of parents agreed that kids are pressured by their equals over vesture and about 80 % believed that uniforms eliminated so competition. Sixty per centum disagreed that have oning uniforms promoted positive interactions among pupils. No parents thought that unvarying frock provided any protection against packs and designation with pack vesture, but most felt that uniforms were more economical than the purchase of school apparels. Ninety-three per centum felt that have oning uniforms helps kids recognize that apparels do non do the individual. Finally, the few public schools that have implemented school uniforms have done so in the belief that there will be a assortment of benefits for pupils and that uniforms by themselves can non work out all the jobs of school subject, but they can be one positive lending factor to train and safety. Based on the study questionnaire, the sample population felt that a school uniform policy would hold a positive impact on module and pupils perceptual experiences of safety and subject. Any policy with such a positive impact on the module and pupils is good to the school. Decisions: The consequences of this survey will assist help parents, instructors and school leaders in finding whether to follow a school uniform policy. The strongest push for school uniforms in recent old ages has come from parent groups who want better subject. School uniforms can cut down the accent on manner wars and reenforce the acceptableness of less dearly-won school vesture. Uniforms can ease the strain on parental Budges, a peculiar advantage I low-income households. Uniforms besides cut down the usage of vesture as indexs of position and wealth. In add-on to encouraging pupils to concentrate on acquisition, instead than on what to have on, uniforms can advance peer credence, every bit good as school spirit and school pride. Finally, narrow and/or bridge the differences among widely economic degrees of pupils, and go unified through the decrease in cultural and cultural tensenesss.Chapter 3. MethodologyIntroduction: The intent of this proposal is to look into if school uniforms, if implemented, would cut down force in a school environment for pupils, parents, and instructors at Southport Middle School in St. Lucie County. Research Questions: The Research inquiries will try to analyze: How will school uniforms cut down violent happenings in in-between schools- Who will profit the most from a school uniform policy, -What consequence will school uniforms have towards designer vesture and peer pressure- Are at that place any benefits or fiscal nest eggs if school uniforms are implemented -What affect will school unvarying policies have on safety and subject in in-between school. Hypothesis: Percepts of safety and subject among pupils, parents and instructors in in-between schools are affected by the execution of school unvarying policies. School Uniform Policies have no affect on instructor ‘s, parent ‘s and pupil ‘s perceptual experiences of safety at South port in-between school. Theoretical Model: There have been a figure of surveies on the execution of a school uniform policy, and all of those published have been successful in run intoing some end or intent. This research examines the perceptual experience toward interior decorator vesture and peer force per unit area, unvarying colourss as a step of safety, unvarying frock as a fiscal nest egg, and the impact of the frock codification on self-expression ( which includes steps of subject ) . This survey will get down the procedure of interpreting of import administrative concerns that investigate perceptual experiences of safety and subject on a sample population limited to middle school pupils, parents and instructors in St. Lucie County, Florida. A disciplined and safe acquisition environment should be a precedence demand for a good school, as pupils who are safe and secure are better pupils ( Donohue 1996 ) . In response to turning degrees of force in schools, instructors, parents, and school functionaries have come to see school uniforms as one positive and originative manner to cut down subject jobs and increase safety. They believe that the acceptance of school unvarying policies can advance school safety, better subject and heighten the acquisition environment. Research Design: The study questionnaire was administered to the sample population to find if the benefits identified in the current literature reappraisal were of import plenty to see implementing a school uniform policy. The consequences of the instructor study indicate that school uniforms had a positive impact on the module and pupils. Parents ‘ responses to the study questionnaire findings show that parents believe that purchasing uniforms provide possible fiscal nest eggs on the buying of school vesture. The consequences of the pupil study indicate that pupils are pressured by their equals over the type of apparels they wear and are sometimes ridiculed about their apparels. All relevant descriptive statistics have been reported. A likert graduated table will be constructed, and the relationship of each inquiry to the entire mark will be examined. An alpha of.05 will be utilized to see a 95 % degree of assurance. All ratio degree informations will be collapsed so that a chi-square trial can be used to demo that a relationship exists. If the ensuing statistics reach the degree of statistical significance the hypothesis will be rejected. Sampling Design: The population chosen for this survey includes all in-between school pupils, their instructors, their parents and instructors in St. Lucie County Florida. Subjects include convenience sampling of 30 instructors ( 17 Blacks and 13 Caucasian ) , 30 parents ( 15 Blacks, 10 Haitians and five Hispanics ) and 30 pupils ( 15 Blacks, 10 Haitians and five Spanish americans ) at Southport Middle School who answered a questionnaire refering school uniforms. The study examines toward interior decorator vesture and peer force per unit area, unvarying colourss as a step of safety, unvarying frock as a fiscal nest egg, and the impact of the frock codification on self-expression ( which includes steps of subject ) . This survey will get down the procedure of interpreting of import administrative concerns. Then informations collected from instructor, parent, and pupil studies, and the entire size of the sample and the response informations returned will be reported. The random choice will justify an just distribution. The cogency of the inquiries will fall within the variables to deduce at a dependable analysis by the replies given. The design of the questionnaire consisted of several statements. Each party was asked to react to the inquiries by circling one of the three letters that â€Å" most about reflects † their attitude o the topic. The questionnaire provided specific statements about school uniforms and their affects on certain behaviour in school. The respondents were asked to supply an reply bespeaking the grade to which they supported the statement ( i.e. hold, differ, or unsure ) . In response to increasing school force several Teachers, Principals, Parents, and Students indicated a belief that uniforms could assist cut down force. Many people besides felt that the acceptance of school unvarying policies would take to an increased school safety, pupil subject, and pupil acquisition. The design of this survey is descriptive, with a cross sectional design. The research is expected to associate the dependant variable, perceptual experiences of safety and subject among pupils, parents and instructors in in-between schools with the independent variable, execution of school uniforms. The survey includes secondary informations from the literary reappraisal along with primary informations gathered from the study analyzing if a relationship exist between the variables It is expected that the survey will hold high internal cogency as it tests sentiments about a policy that may really be implemented and is of great involvement to the study participants. There is, nevertheless, a menace of prejudice since pupils, parents and instructors are cognizant of others involved in the research and may alter their replies consequently. The research besides may hold high external cogency if the pupils are considered to be representative of all in-between school pupils in St. Lucie County. Measures: This quantitative survey is descriptive, with a cross sectional design. The research is expected to associate the dependant variable, perceptual experience of safety and subject among pupils, parents and instructors at in-between schools with the independent variable, execution of school uniforms. This design appears to be appropriate so that the research worker can prove the sentiments about a policy that may really be implemented and is of great involvement to the concern of the in-between school population. In order to supply grounds of a causal nexus between variables, this survey attempts to set up a statistical relationship between the undermentioned variables: The dependant variable is the perceptual experience of safety and subject at schools where uniforms are required and the independent variable execution of a school uniform policy. A likert graduated table was constructed, and the relationship of each inquiry to the mark will be examined. An alpha degree of.05 will be utilized to see a 95 % degree of assurance. Data Collection: The information introduced in the literary reappraisal provides the footing for a nexus between school unvarying policies and the perceptual experience of safety and subject in the school environment. This information was collected from decision makers and journalists who performed their ain experiments or observed others who had seen the alterations first-hand. In add-on, primary information has been collected from study distributed to all pupils, parents and instructors at South Port Middle School. The research worker met with each group, instructors, parents and pupils, at a regular meeting at the school. At that clip, the studies were discussed and all inquiries were answered. The research worker noted that studies will be sent to parents and pupils who are non present at the school during meeting. The questionnaire was so distributed to all attendants ; respondents were given a deadline for completion and asked to return the informations by puting it in a bead box located in the chief office of South Port Middle School. If non adequate study questionnaires received, a 2nd questionnaire will be given to the respondents. The random choice will justify an just distribution. The cogency of the inquiries will fall within the variables to deduce at a dependable analysis by the replies given. The questionnaire provided specific statements about school uniforms and their affects on certain behaviour in school. The respondents were asked to supply an reply bespeaking the grade to which they supported the statement ( i.e. hold, differ, or unsure ) . In response to increasing school force several Teachers, Principals, Parents, and Students indicated a belief that uniforms could assist cut down force. Many people besides felt that the acceptance of school unvarying policies would take to an increased school safety, pupil subject, and pupil acquisition. Datas Analysis: The study questionnaire was administered to the sample population to find if the benefits identified in the current literature reappraisal were of import plenty to see implementing a school uniform policy. The consequences of the instructor study indicate that school uniforms had a positive impact on the module and pupils. Parents ‘ responses to the study questionnaire findings show that parents believe that purchasing uniforms provide possible fiscal nest eggs on the buying of school vesture. The consequences of the pupil study indicate that pupils are pressured by their equals over the type of apparels they wear and are sometimes ridiculed about their apparels. All relevant descriptive statistics have been reported. A likert graduated table was constructed, and the relationship of each inquiry to the entire mark will be examined. An alpha of.05 will be utilized to see a 95 % degree of assurance. All ratio degree informations will be collapsed so that a chi-square trial can be used to demo that a relationship exists. If the ensuing statistics reach the degree of statistical significance the hypothesis will be rejected. Internal Cogency: This research is expected to associate the dependant variable, perceptual experience of safety and subject among pupils, parents and instructors at in-between schools with the independent variable, execution of school uniforms. It is expected that the survey will hold high internal cogency as it tests sentiments about a policy that may really be implemented and is of great involvement to the study participants. There is, nevertheless, a menace of prejudice since pupils, parents and instructors are cognizant of others involved in the research and may alter their reply consequently. External Cogency: The research besides may hold high external cogency if the pupils are considered to be representative of all in-between school pupils. It is anticipated that the information gathered will ensue in the null-hypothesis being rejected. Sampling Design: The population chosen for the survey includes in-between school pupils, their parents and instructors in St. Lucie County. Subjects include a non-probability convenience sampling of pupils, parents, and instructors at South Port Middle School, in Port Saint Lucie, Florida, who answered a questionnaire refering the execution of school uniforms. South port Middle consists of about 50 instructors and 1,216 pupils. Teachers in this school represent a broad assortment of ages and old ages of experience in the instruction field. Parents besides represent a broad assortment of ages that come from different socioeconomic backgrounds. Students are ages twelve through 16 and stand for different racial backgrounds. Peer Review Discussion: The research survey will look into if school uniforms, if implemented, would cut down force in a school environment for pupils, parents, and instructors at Southport Middle School in St. Lucie County. The population chosen for the survey will include all in-between school pupils, their parents and instructors. Subjects include a non-probability convenience sampling of 30 instructors ( 17 Blacks and 13 Caucasian ) , 30 parents ( 15 Blacks, 10 Haitians and five Hispanics ) and 30 pupils ( 15 Blacks, 10 Haitians and five Spanish americans ) at Southport Middle School who answered a questionnaire refering school uniforms. The study examines how will school uniforms cut down violent happenings in in-between schools-who will profit the most from a school unvarying policy-are there any benefits or fiscal nest eggs if school uniforms are implemented-what affect will school unvarying policies have on safety and subject in in-between school. The survey began the procedure of interpreting of import administrative concerns into the undermentioned hypothesis: Percepts of safety and subject among pupils, parents and instructors in in-between schools are affected by the execution of school unvarying policies. The primary informations will be collected from instructor, parent, and pupil studies, and the entire size of the sample and the response informations returned was reported. The consequences of the study include the undermentioned: A great bulk of instructors believe that apparels do non do a individual. The bulk of parents believe that uniforms provide possible fiscal nest eggs on school apparels for the hereafter. Eighty per centum of pupils believe that there is peer force per unit area based on the type of apparels kids wear. The design of the survey will be a descriptive survey, with a cross sectional designed. An alpha degree.05 was used to guarantee a 95 % degree of assurance. The ordinal degree informations was collapsed so that a chi-square trial can be used to find whether a relationship exists. The variables in the survey efforts to back up the research that linked the dependant variable, perceptual experience of safety and subject among pupils, parents and instructors at in-between schools with the independent variable, execution of school uniforms. The survey besides include secondary informations from literary reappraisal along with primary informations gathered from the study limited to information complied by instructors, parents and pupils, which is expected that the survey will hold high internal cogency as it tests sentiments about a policy that may really be implemented and is of great involvement to the study participants. There is, nevertheless, a menace of prejudice since pupils, parent s and instructors are cognizant of others involved in the research and may alter their replies consequently. The research besides may hold high external cogency if the pupils are considered to be representative of all in-between school pupils in St. Lucie County. Therefore, it is anticipated that the information gathered will ensue in the null-hypothesis being rejected. Expected Findingss: It is anticipated that the void hypothesis will be rejected and the research perceptual experiences of safety and subject among pupils, parents and instructors in in-between schools are affected by the execution of school unvarying policies, will be supported. Harmonizing to Jolly ( 1999 ) school territories across the state are sing school unvarying policies because they appear to supply ready solutions to some of the facets of school safety, pack force, arms in school, and assaults associated with larceny of expensive vesture. Ethical Issues: To protect from injury the research worker will admit regard for individual the participant ‘s liberty and duty to esteem that liberty to protect participants with lessened liberty from possible development, and illustration of this would be the kids. In this survey Beneficence will besides be applied, which obligates the research worker to protect participants from injury every bit good as minimize hazards ensuing from the research. Confidentiality, privateness, and namelessness: The research worker will do equal commissariats to guarantee that participant ‘s individualities will non be revealed in the class of the research ore airing of research consequences. Then, there is Informed consent/assent, which may besides be needed mentioning to â€Å" Assent † if the possible research participants are kids of appropriate aged and have the ability to grok it means understanding to take part in research is needed and or release of acquiescence due to age if the research involves no more than minimum hazard. Finally, Justice, that requires just distribution by avoiding selected participants entirely because they are accessible or easy to act upon. Decision: Harmonizing to Jolly ( 1999 ) school territories across the state are sing school unvarying policies because they appear to supply ready solutions to some of the facets of school safety, pack force, arms in school, and assaults associated with larceny of expensive vesture. Research besides indicates the few public schools that have implemented school uniforms have done so in the belief that there will be a assortment of benefits for pupils. As the force bar plans continue, nevertheless, decision makers, instructors, parents, and pupils have noted a turning degree of force in schools. School functionaries have come to see school uniforms as one positive and originative manner to cut down force, subject jobs, and increase safety. They believe that the acceptance of school unvarying policies can advance school safety, better subject and heighten the acquisition environment. Any policy with such a positive impact on the module and pupils is good to the school. Finally, since school territories determine whether to follow school unvarying policies, each territory should reexamine the literature presented in the survey and the informations created for this research survey to find if they want to implement a school uniform policy. In add-on, schools that utilize school uniforms should ever describe their advancement so that future research workers will be able to do determinations on school uniform policy with minimal attempt.

William Shakespeare s The Of And My Madness

Kierra Crenshaw â€Å"I have found both freedom and safety in my madness†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Derived from Kahlil Gibran, this quote correlates with Shakespeare’s Hamlet. Madness is an utmost theme within the play, affecting various characters in distinctive ways. Shakespeare conveys the message that madness is an extremely liberating realm and one should allow their mind to experience this release. Often a person is so caught up with life, responsibilities, and duties that they extract themselves from the pleasure of freedom. The highly negative aura surrounding madness, to the degree that it is even classified as an illness, adverts many away from allowing this opportunity to take over. The id is the impulsive side of our mind, often characterizing our†¦show more content†¦Through this method of freedom, her once restrictive lifestyles was gone. Previously, she was often denied of her own thoughts and beliefs, resulting in her submission to those around her. The condescending and often v ulgar tone used in reference towards Ophelia is extremely prominent throughout the play. Despite this, she upholds herself with dignity and grace, allowing others to use her as they plead. At one point (During Act III, Scene II) Ophelia and Hamlet are speaking publicly. The lewd diction and actions presented during this act displays how others truly think of her; a pawn to simply mess around with. Hamlet often uses sexual innuendos towards Ophelia, stating comments such as â€Å"Lady, shall I lie in your lap?† Yet, everyone simply dismisses the actions. Although she does not purposely go mad, it did allow her freedom from these factors. No one expects anything from her due to her illness. Madness is an opportunity for the mind to relax and experience life for what it is. Shakespeare uses Ophelia as a way to convey this message to his audience. Madness is not alway direct like Ophelia’s and can be found in various ways. Laertes is a prime example of this. His madness is driven by the rage not only felt when he realized that Hamlet had murdered his father, but also when it was noted that Ophelia desired him as well. The primitive and instinctive portion of his mind, referred to as the id, was the controlling factor throughout